Fumigant Toxicity of Single and Binary Mixtures of Eugenia aromatica Baill. Flower Buds and Citrus Peel Powders to Callosobruchus maculatus Fabricius (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae)

• O. V. Taiwo

  Department of Crop, Soil & Pest Management, The Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, Akure, Nigeria

  Author

• T. Ofuya

  Department of Crop, Soil & Pest Management, The Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, Akure, Nigeria

  Author

• R.A. Adebayo

  Department of Crop, Soil & Pest Management, The Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, Akure, Nigeria

  Author

• J.E. Idoko

  Department of Crop, Soil & Pest Management, The Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, Akure, Nigeria

  Author

The study evaluated the fumigant efficacy of single and binary combination (1:1 ratio) of powders made from Clove, Eugenia aromatica Baill. flower buds and dried Citrus peel powders to the cowpea storage beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus Fabricius under ambient laboratory conditions of 26 ± 4 C and 65 ± 5% RH. at The Federal University of Technology, Akure (FUTA), Nigeria. The powders (single and mixture), placed in empty tea bags, were tested at the dosages of 0.5, 1.0 1.5 and 2.0 g/20 g of grain in plastic bottles with airtight lids against adult beetles, freshly laid and hatched eggs of C. maculatus. C. maculatus adult mortality, egg hatchability, progeny production as well as seed weight loss post progeny production, were observed. The lethality of the Citrus powders applied singly to adults of C. maculatus was significantly lower than was recorded for Clove powder applied singly at all dosages and periods of observation except the 0.5 g dosage 24 hours post exposure when no adults were killed in any treatment. Clove powder applied singly was observed to significantly kill adults of C. maculatus through fumigant action at the dosage of 1.0 g or more/20 g of grain within 24 hours post exposure. It also significantly reduced C. maculatus eggs hatchability and progeny production in comparison with the control. Citrus powders such as Lime and Tangerine peel powders did inflict as high as 60% mortality in adult C. maculatus within 72 hours post exposure period. C. maculatus eggs fumigated with Citrus peel powders applied singly had significantly lower hatching percentage in comparison with the control. Citrus peel powders applied singly also resulted in lower progeny production from fumigated hatched eggs and lower percentage seed weight loss in comparison with the control. The binary combinations of Clove and Citrus peel powders provoked significant mortality of C. maculatus and the LD 50 values indicated complementarity in the bio-efficacy of the individual products whilst simultaneously lowering their doses. It is recommended that all stakeholders who store cowpea seeds may use Clove and dried Citrus peels powders up to 2.0 g/20 g of seed either singly or in combination, to prevent and control possible infestation and damage by C. maculatus.

1. O. V. Taiwo, Department of Crop, Soil & Pest Management, The Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, Akure, Nigeria

   Department of Crop, Soil & Pest Management, The Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, Akure, Nigeria

2. T. Ofuya, Department of Crop, Soil & Pest Management, The Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, Akure, Nigeria

   Department of Crop, Soil & Pest Management, The Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, Akure, Nigeria

3. R.A. Adebayo, Department of Crop, Soil & Pest Management, The Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, Akure, Nigeria

   Department of Crop, Soil & Pest Management, The Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, Akure, Nigeria

4. J.E. Idoko, Department of Crop, Soil & Pest Management, The Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, Akure, Nigeria

   Department of Crop, Soil & Pest Management, The Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, Akure, Nigeria

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